Definitions & Industry Terms

What is an ISBN?

By the WriteLoom editorial teamUpdated 2026-05-28
Key facts
  • A 13-digit unique identifier per book format.
  • One ISBN per format (paperback, hardcover, ebook, audiobook).
  • U.S. agency: Bowker.
  • Costs: ~$125 each, or ~$295 for ten, or ~$575 for a hundred.
  • Free through KDP for Amazon-only ebooks (but the ISBN belongs to Amazon).
Direct answer

An ISBN (International Standard Book Number) is a 13-digit unique identifier assigned to each format of a book — separate ISBNs for paperback, hardcover, ebook, and audiobook. The U.S. agency is Bowker; ISBNs cost about $125 each (or ~$295 for ten) or are free through KDP for Amazon-only ebooks. Required for print; optional for KDP-only ebooks.

Chapter i·Why it matters

ISBNs are how the industry tracks books. Owning your own ISBN means owning your book’s identity across retailers; using KDP’s free ISBN means Amazon owns the ID. For indie authors planning to distribute beyond Amazon, owning ISBNs is non-negotiable.

Chapter ii·What to include

  • One ISBN per format you publish.
  • A Bowker account (or local country agency).
  • A budget: ~$295 for ten ISBNs (covers ~3 books in all formats).
  • Buy ISBNs in batches of 10 — much cheaper per unit.
  • An ISBN log: book title, format, ISBN, date assigned.
  • A "you own it" check: free ISBNs from KDP are NOT owned by you.

Chapter iii·Example

A self-publishing author buys ten ISBNs from Bowker for $295. She uses three for her current book (paperback, hardcover, ebook), one for her audiobook later. The remaining six cover her next book and a half. Total per-book cost: ~$70 instead of $500 buying singly.

In WriteLoom

WriteLoom’s Sell studio tracks ISBNs per format alongside the rest of your metadata.

See the Sell studio