Literary Agents & Querying

What is an R&R (revise and resubmit)?

By the WriteLoom editorial teamUpdated 2026-05-28
Key facts
  • An agent’s invitation to revise and resubmit a declined manuscript.
  • A strong signal — the agent sees potential.
  • No guarantee of representation after revision.
  • Most R&Rs are months of work; consider carefully.
  • Multiple R&Rs from different agents are common — you choose which to pursue.
Direct answer

An R&R (revise and resubmit) is when an agent declines your manuscript but invites you to revise based on their feedback and resubmit for reconsideration. R&Rs are a strong signal — the agent sees potential — but they require careful evaluation: take the time to consider whether the revisions align with your vision before committing.

Chapter i·Why it matters

R&Rs are mixed news. The good news: the agent thinks the work is close to representable. The hard news: months of revision based on feedback that may not align with your vision, with no guarantee at the end. Knowing how to evaluate an R&R — and when to decline politely — is a craft skill.

Chapter ii·What to include

  • A careful read of the agent’s feedback: do the revisions improve the book?
  • A check against your vision: do you agree with the direction?
  • A timeline estimate: how long will the revision take?
  • A "no exclusivity" check: most R&Rs aren’t exclusive; you can keep querying.
  • A polite decline option if the feedback doesn’t align.
  • A clean resubmission with a brief note tracking the revisions.

Chapter iii·Example

A debut writer receives an R&R from an agent suggesting she cut a 25,000-word subplot and rewrite the antagonist’s POV. She agrees with the subplot cut but not the POV change. She politely declines the R&R, citing the second issue as a vision mismatch, and continues querying. Six months later she signs with a different agent.

In WriteLoom

WriteLoom’s Pitch studio tracks R&Rs alongside your queries, so you can see the patterns across agent feedback.

See the Pitch studio